Analysis Of Bruce Norris s Poem, And Then You Go For A Steak

Bruce Norris stated; â€Å"There is no political value in having sensitive feelings about the world. I don’t think it generates political action. You go, you watch, you say, ‘That’s sad,’ and then you go for a steak. The best you can hope for is to make people slightly uncomfortable. At least if you take the piss out of the audience, they feel they are being addressed.† Bruce Norris creates this environment through Clybourne Park. Clybourne Park addresses tough, but relevant, social issues with which readers can relate; he points out that the more it changes, the more it stays the same. Clybourne Park is about a white, middle class couple, Russ and Bev, who is moving out of their neighborhood. The author, Bruce Norris, writes a spin-off of A†¦show more content†¦Karl acts as if â€Å"colored† people are from a different world. Another example of this is when Karl mentions that they eat different foods: KARL: But, for example, if Mrs. Stoller here were to send you to shop at Gelman’s. Do you find, when you’re standing in the aisles at Gelman’s, does it generally strike you as the kind of market where you could find the particular foods your family enjoys? FRANCINE: It’s a very nice store†¦.Mr. Gelman’s a nice man. KARL: But, I mean, you preferred food items, would such things even be available at Gelman’s? ALBERT: Do they carry collards and pig feet? ‘Cuz I sho couldn’t shop nowhere didn’ sell no pig feet. According to Hannah Barker, â€Å"The first act is not so much a mirror, as it is a reminder to the reader of how ignorant and cruel people were before the Civil Rights Movement.† This is true, people thought that one color was superior than the other. In the second act, the roles reverse, including the fact that now the black family skis instead of the white family; but more importantly, the same racial stereotypes and fears of difference fill the conversation. Except this time, people are more aware and embarrassed to talk about it: STEVE: What, and now we’re the evil invaders who are— LINDSEY: She never said that!!!! STEVE: —appropriating your ancestral homeland? LINDSEY: This, this, this—No. I’m sorry, this is the most

Human Rights Of A Country s Civil Society - 1579 Words

Human Rights A human right is defined as, a right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person. They are often held to include the right to life, liberty, equality, and a fair trial, freedom from slavery and torture, and freedom of thought and expression. The Chinese government often denies any abuses of human rights, but many countries and international organizations argue otherwise. Many point out repeated abuses in areas such as†¦.. Civil Society Civil society can be defined as the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest the interest and will of citizens. Pluralist countries tend to have a stronger and more developed civil society when compared to one party dominated governments. The†¦show more content†¦Non-governmental Organizations In China, all non-governmental organizations must be sponsored by the government. This requirement defeats the purpose of have a non-governmental organization, if it is actually attached to the government. This also allows the government to monitor and control and NGOs in China. If the government does not approve of a certain non-governmental organization, it will likely not receive a sponsor and as result, that organization’s agenda will never have the chance to be turned into public policy. These policies are a method the Chinese government will use to limit freedom of speech and expression. By heavily controlling NGOs, the government is viol ating human rights of freedom of expression and thought. Media and Internet China’s media and internet is heavily limited, to avoid potential subversions of its authority. However, people want free media. â€Å"In 2016, Freedom House ranked China last for the second consecutive year out of sixty-five countries that represent 88 percent of the world’s internet users. The France-based watchdog group Reporters Without Borders ranked China 176 out of 180 countries in its 2016 worldwide index of press freedom (Xu and Albert).† China is one of, if not the worst, county in the world in freedom of the press, which limits freedom of expression and violates human rights. Experts say Chinese media outlets usually employ theirShow MoreRelatedPublic Opinion on Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements1328 Words   |  5 Pageson Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements The development of social movements in the course of human history has led to unprecedented changes that challenged the not only the status quo, but most importantly, the worldviews of societies as well. Social movements have sprung to create a new world order that defined human societies as they exist today. 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Implications of Integrated Reporting †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Implications of Integrated Reporting. Answer: Introduction The integrated report of National Australia Bank for the year 2014 states the way in which NAB is working to generate value for their stakeholders through the business strategies, governance, operating environment, non-financial and financial activities. They continue to challenge themselves to look at the performance of the business as a whole through the framework as set by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) (Annual review 2014, 2017). NAB contributes to the economy through paying dividends to their shareholders, purchasing services and products, payment towards taxes and salaries and investment in the direct community. Their main objective is to improve the performance towards risk management with regard to protect the experience of the customers and assist in satisfactory, sustainable returns for the stakeholders (Adams et al., 2016). At NAB, their approach is to create social and shareholders value. They are aiming to generate more opportunities to create more successful communities, assist the people to experience a healthy relationship in terms of monetary factors and donate towards a future prospective society. In the last 5 years they made their target investment into the reputation, culture and people. Further, their objective is to provide value to the community, customers, people and shareholders of NAB. The governance framework of NAB strengthens the accountability and efficient decision making approach of the organization. It is the base for directing the operations, culture and business practices. It is essential to how they provide value to their business, customers and shareholders. The board of NAB is responsible for NAB groups governance as they represent the shareholders. The board also helps in performing the responsibilities that includes remuneration, nomination, and assessment of risk, information technology and audit. The remuneration policy of NAB is constructed to connect the rewards with the shareholders value, retain and attract the employees with high-performance and promotion of long-term growth. They offer suitable incentives through various elements of remuneration on the basis of organizational and individual performance (Healey, 2013). They are committed to uphold a disclosure level to provide all the shareholders with equal and timely access to the information. Further, the information is delivered regularly through various communication methods that include written communication and publication of all the relevant reports. NAB offers their shareholders with various options of dividends. Many shareholders are there who have selected to receive the electronic communication instead of the paper communication. Moreover, the shareholders are entitled to the financial report of 2014, annual review of 2014 and summary review of 2014, upon request (Potter, Singh York, 2013). However, NAB has failed to communicate the following important matters in their integrated report: Growth prospect in their integrated report the financial position of the company is mentioned for only two years. However, to assess the growth prospect of any company at least last five years financial information is required Dividend payment in their integrated report they only mentioned the date for interim and final dividend, however, they failed to mention the amount of dividend paid to the shareholders. Culture in the IR of 2014, they failed to outline the culture and value as the important part of implementing the strategies and developing the strong conduct of ethical issues. Disclosures and transparency they failed to mention the transparency level regarding the crucial decisions and th matters that have great impact on the shareholders, profitability and the sustainability (Feng, 2014). Arguments for integrated reporting against corporate social reporting The major arguments that the integrated report (IR) reveals the complete perspective from the materiality aspects is that it presents the spirit of integrating the financial information with non-financial information through the connectivity of the issues related to the material facts of the company. On the contrary, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) report accounts that the company is responsible for their activities. The transparency from the governance prospect and composition is crucial to assure the responsibility of the specific body. The IR increases the accountability and transparency of the reports. Accountability is associated with the stewardship concept and the duties of the organization (Watson, 2015). Moreover, the CSR approach discloses the ethical behaviour that refers to the integrity and ethics principles of the organization. On the contrary, the IR framework states the governance and materiality aspects of the report. The IR framework states the term of common behaviours and values and the shared norms as part of the relationship and social capital. Although, it is not defined clearly by any of the principles of CSR, it requires that the issued report shall disclose the overall picture of responsibility and performance of the organization. While, the IR framework concentrate on two approaches with regard to create new significance on their principle of completeness and relevance. Further, an integrated report must include all the matters related to material facts, both in a negative as well as positive, in a balanced manner and without any material error (Martnez del Bosque, 2013). CSR argues for the balanced, comparable, accessible, and understandable, timely, balanced and accurate information and the characteristics that are materialized for the principles of comparability, timeless, balance, accuracy and clarity. However, the IR has considered these facts and made the necessary improvements through expressing the requirement for concise and clear annual reports (Prez del Bosque, 2014). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is concluded that most of the definitions, terms, principles and elements from the CSR are found within the IR framework, moreover, it provide in much wider sense and deliver deeper understanding with regard to the way in which the organizations shall report and disclose the information in the financial report. The primary driver the trend of IR is to increase the awareness in the environment of business on the accountability aspects towards the profit, people and shareholders. This will lead to greater focus on the requirements and expectations of the users and shareholders for the reports as are issued by the organizations. Therefore, it is found that the IR that is emerging from the CSR and the sustainability report provides the guarantee that the preparer of the annual reports of the organization is aware about the requirements of the information, concerns of the shareholders and are fully aware about the information included in the annual reports an d are thereby can be widely accepted as the alternative for the corporate social reporting. Reference Adams, C. A., Potter, B., Singh, P. J., York, J. (2016). Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures).The British Accounting Review,48(3), 283-296. Annual review 2014. (2017). www.nab.com.au/. Retrieved 30 April 2017, from https://www.nab.com.au/content/dam/nabrwd/About-Us/2014-annual-review-2.pdf Feng, T. (2014).Revealing integrated thinking through Integrated Reporting-An exploratory study within an Australian context(Doctoral dissertation, Macquarie University). Healey, M. (2013). Integrated reporting-one company's experience.Keeping good companies,65(5), 262. Martnez, P., del Bosque, I. R. (2013). CSR and customer loyalty: The roles of trust, customer identification with the company and satisfaction.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 89-99. Potter, B., Singh, P. J., York, J. (2013, July). Corporate social investment through integrated reporting: Critical issues. InSeventh Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting ConferenceAsia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting Conference. Prez, A., del Bosque, I. R. (2014). An integrative framework to understand how csr affects customer loyalty through identification, emotions and satisfaction.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-14. Watson, L. (2015). Corporate social responsibility research in accounting.Journal of Accounting Literature,34, 1-16.

The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups

Introduction There is no single religion, whether universal or local, that does not have its own beliefs about the relationship between the body and God. This can be attributed to the relevance of different types of clothes that are used in these different religions. This paper will focus on three main denominations: Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will also look at the different religious clothes that these three denominations have and the way they use them to practice their religion. The discussions will also compare the relevance of some of the common clothes that the three religions have. Religious clothes and their importance in Christianity Christianity is arguably the most dominant denomination in the world today. Christians believe that the body is a gift from God, thu s it should be treated with respect. They also believe that there is a relationship between the thought system and the body. Christians believe that an idle body is free and easily manipulated by the devil. They claim that the individual in question should have respectful thoughts about other people for the body to remain pure. Christians believe that the body withers away and the soul that was in the body goes back to God after the death of an individual. This might be the reason why Christians believe that the body is a temple of God because it holds the spirit, which is the breath of God (Price and www.abiblecommentary.com, 2010). The history of Christianity shows that early Christians had several religious clothing. One such clothing is the veil. The veil among the early Christians was used to cover the head of a woman when in the temple. The veil was a way of humbling the woman before God and a show of respect towards the woman’s husband. In this day and age, there are s ome groups in Christianity who still find the veil relevant in prayer. Even though there are a lot of controversies on the relevance of the veil among Christians, some of them still wear them. There are various groups of worshippers in Christianity, and some of these groups encourage their followers to wear the veil when they are praying. This is the case with Catholics where nuns wear a form of veil when they are in church. Another type of clothing that the Christians have used in their worship rituals is the cloak. The early Christians used to wear the cloak as their everyday dress. However, Christians adopted this dressing as a religious kind of dressing. In this day and age, the cloak is used by the religious leaders in Christianity.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cloak is a robe that the religious leaders wear on a daily basis. This cloak is very important for ident ification of the religious leaders in the institutions in question. It is also very possible that the religious leaders of this denomination are imitating the dressing sense of the time when Jesus Christ was born. In Christ’s era, the men wore robes and the women had to wear veils. Price and www.abiblecommentary.com (2010) argue that the Christians of today might not know the relevance of these types of clothing, yet they still use them because they believe that the characters in the Bible also wore the same clothes. Generally, Christianity is the most flexible religion when it comes to clothing. It does not offer serious repercussions for provocative dressing. This is unlike Islam that requires all its believers to conform to the religions dressing code. Today, many Christians do not feel like there is any connection between religious clothing and spirituality. There are religious leaders who have completely abandoned the religious robes and other pieces of clothing that the y are expected to wear in favor of a suit. Early Christians also had the peace Mala. This is a bracelet that showed respect to God. It was worn to mean that one was spiritual. This bracelet was not used to cover anything, but it acted as a form of identification for the spiritual people in the society. Today, there are some denominations that still use the peace Mala, for example the Catholics. Religious clothes and their importance in Buddhist The Buddhists also have their own beliefs on the importance of certain kinds of clothing in their religion. Unlike the Christians and Muslims, Buddhists do not use veils during their religious rituals. Many of the monks in this religion have completely shaved their heads. This is also true for the bhikkhunis, who are female Buddhist religious leaders. However, the Buddhists also have their own religious clothes. One of the clothes that are common among the Buddhists is the robe cloth. This is a cloth that is used to cover the entire body. It is mostly used by the monks and the nuns. The robes are usually made from ‘pure’ cloths and their relevance is that they cover the entire body to make it pure. In the early days of the Buddhist religion, this robe was dyed and made to have a yellow orange color. Today, only one group of Buddhists still wears these types of robes, the Theravada monks. Another piece of clothing that is used in this religion is the triple and five-fold robe. The robe is made up of the uttarasanga, antaravasaka, and sanghati. The uttarasanga robe always covers the right hand side of the individual wearing it. All the three mentioned robes are relevant in covering the body.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many Buddhist groups wear the robes in an attempt to be purified. They believe that some of these clothes also protect their body parts from evil. The monks also value the bathing cloth. This is a very important cloth to their religion because it is used to clean the body whenever the individual wants to. The rice paddy is also very common cloth among the monks. This cloth covers parts of the body. It is made of strips of cloth, thus there are some body parts that might be left exposed. There are several monks who do not use all these robes. All the different types of clothes that the monks use are used to cover their entire bodies. They believe that the body is holy and must be kept that way. The monks use the robes to cover their bodies so that the devil does not cause them to stray (Strong, 2004). The Buddhists also believe that there are some parts of the body that are unclean, thus they are unholy. One such part of the body is the feet. Many of them do not cover the feet. They walk barefoot because they believe that the foot itself is dirty. The Buddhists only cover body parts that they consider holy and clean (Mrozik, 2007). The Buddhists believe in life after death. They believe that there is no need for the body if it has no soul. Strong (2004) explains that according to this religion, the soul is the part that thinks. Therefore, Buddhists claim that the body is a husk that holds the soul in it. The soul becomes free and the body becomes meaningless when one dies. This is explained as the reason behind the practice of cremating the dead among Buddhists. The Buddhists express their faith by kneeling down in the temple towards the statues of the Buddha. They also believe, like the Christians, that emotions cannot be separated from the body. Their religion allows them to wear decently in order to think decently. This, in turn, helps them keep their bodies clean. Religious clothes and their importance in Islam Islam is arguably the most conservative religion among the three religions that are discussed in this paper. The relevance of clothing, the body parts they cover, and the ways they are used in their religion are very important. The women are required to wear specific clothes in order to cover several parts of their body. One such clothing is the Hijab. This is a piece of clothing that covers the head of a Muslim woman. Different Islamic groups have different rules on how the women should wear the Hijab. Generally the cloth is supposed to cover the hair completely. The women also wear a robe kind of clothing. This type of clothing has different names in different places. However, the Islam religion requires the women to show modesty in their clothing (Hawting, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The women can also wear the Nijab. This is a type of Hijab that covers the entire face. Only the eyes are visible when the women wear the Nijab. Many Muslim women do not wear the Nijab because it has no religious significance. It is, however, used to ward off molesters (Esposito, 2004). The men, on the other hand, wear the dishdasha. These are dress-like clothes that also cover their entire body. The cloth is loose and white in color. However, in some regions, the men are allowed to wear dishdasha’s that have various colors. This cloth is seen as pure because the prophet Muhammad also wore it (Ali Leaman, 2007). The men also have to wear a hat. This is a tiny hat that covers the center of the head (Williams, 2008). The hat is important when they are in the mosque. It is, however, not wrong for a Muslim man to wear the hat outside the mosque. The Muslims believe that the human body should also be preserved in its purest form. This is why Muslims refuse their dead to be taken to morgues. Their religion requires them to bury their dead in not more than a day after they have passed on. Muslims believe that putting the body of the deceased in a morgue tampers with its purity. They also believe in life after death. The Muslims believe that the body of the deceased remains on the earth and withers away, but the spirit or the soul is still alive. Ali and Leaman (2007) explain that there are some Muslim groups that believe that the person is still able to feel pain after death, even though the body has withered away. These groups of Muslims believe that the wrong things that individuals do before they die hurt them when they are in the grave. Among the discussed religious groups, it is only the Muslims who believe that thinking continues even after the body has withered. The Muslims believe that the body is still present but without a soul when a person dies. Muslims never speak ill of the dead. They know that the body is also very important for their religion because they use it to express their faith. Muslims bow, kneel, and stand up as they chant their prayers (Ali Leaman, 2007). The fact that Muslims have an entire month of fasting shows that they would do anything to ensure that their bodies are clean, holy, and pure according to the requirements of their religion. This religious group, like the rest, also believes that emotions are inseparable from the body. Discussion It is important to note that all these three religions have their own clothes that they use for worship. Despite the fact that these clothes are different, all the three religious groups believe they have to also use the right clothing for their worship to be genuine. Among the three religions, Christianity has the least restrictions when it comes to dressing. Many Christians do not follow a specific dressing culture. However, the clergy of this religious group have their own religious clothing. The other two religious groups mentioned wear their religious clothes in order to keep their bodies pure. The Buddhists and the Muslims both wear robes. The robes are different, but their purpose is similar. The three religions also have a similar use of the peace Mala. The early believers of these three religious groups used these bracelets to identify themselves as religious people. They also believed that the bracelet would protect them from evil. Muslims, being the most conservative of the three religious groups, place a lot of value on their dressing. They also have specific pieces of clothes that are used during prayers. The prayer mat is one of the most important clothes to any Muslim. They kneel on the mat when they are praying. Many of the Muslims do not wear these religious clothes alone. It is common to find that they wear other types of clothes beneath the religious clothes. It is not only the Muslims who have modified their religious clothing, but the Buddhists have also modified their clothing. Conclusion Most religious groups have associa ted dressing with spirituality. It is, however, important to note that the early believers of these religious groups were more convinced in the importance of covering several parts of the body. The believers of today have either abandoned their religious clothing completely, or they have modified it. This can be attributed to the effect of fashion on religion. From the discussion presented, all the three religions use robes as a form of religious clothing. However, in Christianity, the robes are nowadays specific to the clergy. Muslims and Buddhists still wear religious robes. The robes differ in terms of color and how they are wrapped around the body. The three religions also have jewelry that accompanies the clothes. One such common jewelry is the peace Mala that was used to identify the religious people among Christians. References Ali, K., Leaman, O. (2007). Islam: The key concepts. London, UK: Routledge Esposito, J. (2004). Islam: The straight path. London, UK: Oxford Universi ty Press. Hawting, G. R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750. New York, NY: Routledge. Mrozik, S. (2007). Virtuous bodies: The physical dimensions of morality in Buddhist ethics. London, UK: Oxford University Press Price, B., www.abiblecommentary.com (2010). First Corinthians Bible commentary – a bible commentary on First Corinthians. Elkhart, IN, Brad Price. Strong, J. S. (2004). Relics of the Buddha. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Williams, J. (2008). Islam: Understanding the history, beliefs, and culture. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc. This essay on The Importance of the clothing in Different Religious Groups was written and submitted by user Andy H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Advertising and Promotion free essay sample

Effective communication is vital to all businesses. The communication process involves: It is important for a business to choose how and when it will send messages to intended receivers. For example, a building society will only send information about a new savings product to its members by text or email, if they have specifically chosen to receive communication by that method. Sending information by this method to people who cannot receive text or email could result in losing an opportunity to sell a new product. An advertising agency or advert agency is a service business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion) for its clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Promotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An ad agency is independent from the client and provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the clients products or services. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and sales promotions for its clients. Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and government agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television commercials and radio commercials as part of an advertising campaign. History The first acknowledged advertising agency was William Taylor in 1786. Another early agency, started by James Jem White in 1800 at Fleet Street, London, eventually evolved into White Bull Holmes, a recruitment advertising agency that went out of business in the late 1980s. In 1812 George Reynell, an officer at the London Gazette, set up another of the early advertising agencies, also in London. [1] This remained a family business until 1993, as Reynell Son, and is now part of the TMP Worldwide agency (UK and Ireland) under the brand TMP Reynell. [1] Another early agency that traded until recently, was founded by Charles Barker, and the firm he established traded as Barkers until 2009 when it went into Administration. Types of advertising agencies Ad agencies come in all sizes and include everything from one or two-person shops (which rely mostly on freelance talent to perform most functions, small to medium sized agencies such as Traction (agency), large independents such as SMART and multi-national, multi-agency conglomerates such as Omnicom Group, WPP Group, Publicis, Interpublic Group of Companies and Havas. Full service agencies These agencies are involved in planning, creating, producing advertisements, performing research and selecting media. Some full service agencies also provide non-advertising related services including strategic market planning, direct market promotion programs, interactive marketing and web site design, and public relations. The importance of the various functions provided by a full service agency will depend upon the client. Creative agencies Creative agencies specialize in creative or design-based business models and are also known as a creative boutique. Their basic interest is in the creation of the advertisement or branding. Other (full-service) agencies offer design in conjunction with media buying. Media agencies concentrate on media buying. (In the 1990s, media and creative were often unbundled in the interests of economies of scale in buying media. The client who chooses to use a design only based advertising agency must assume some of the advertising purchasing. These are activities that are routinely handled by an agency with a media buying option. Specialized agencies These agencies specialized in a particular activity of the whole communication process. They may specialize in certain functions (copy, art, media), audiences (minority youth) or industries (health, computers) or in a marketing communication area (direct marketing, sales promotion, public relation). These type of agencies may serve one client only. In-house advertising agencies An In-House agency is a team within a company that focuses on selling the companys product; they will handle all aspects of the brand. Search engine agencies Lately, pay per click (PPC) and search engine optimization (SEO) firms have been classified by some as agencies because they create media and implement media purchases of text-based (or image-based, in some instances of search marketing) ads. This relatively young industry has been slow to adopt the term agency, however with the creation of ads (either text or image) and media purchases, they do technically qualify as advertising agencies. Social media agencies Social media agencies specialize in promotion of brands in the various social media platforms like blogs, social networking sites, QA sites, discussion forums, and microblogs. The two key services of social media agencies are: Social media marketing Online reputation management Other agencies While not advertising agencies, enterprise technology agencies often work in tandem with advertising agencies to provide a specialized subset of services offered by some interactive agencies: Web 2. 0 website design and development, Content management systems, web application development, and other intuitive technology solutions for the web, mobile devices and emerging digital platforms. Today organization use information communication industry like social media facebook, tweeter, Myspace etc. Task 2 The role and importance of advertising One of the key areas of the marketing mix is promotion. Promotion is the process of communicating with an organization’s audiences. It involves sending a message which is received by others. Promotion advertising strategy Promotion is one of the key elements of the marketing mix, and deals with any one or two-way communication that takes place with the consumer. This article concentrates is a high level introduction to developing a promotional strategy for your business focusing on advertising and other pull tactics. Developing a promotional strategy Deciding on a marketing communications strategy is one of the primary roles of the marketing manager and this process involves some key decisions about who the customer is, how to contact them, and what the message should be. These questions can be answered using a three stage process, which is equally relevant for all elements of the marketing mix: Segmentation Dividing potential customers into discrete groups is vital if you want to increase the success rate of any communications message. If you dont know who you are talking to, its unlikely you will get much of a response. Who are the potential customers? How many sub-groups should you divide them into? How do these groups differ? Hopefully, most of this information will be readily available from your market research. Once you have an idea of the customer, you should further drill down to explore them in more detail. Commonly used market research methods include: Sales analysis and buying patterns Questionnaires Desk research Website statistics, especially social media Focus groups Face-to-face interviews Specialist market research companies Once you have built up an accurate picture of your customer, its time to get their attention†¦ Targeting For the purposes of advertising, targeting is the process of communicating with the right segment(s) and ensuring the best possible response rate. The methods you use to target your audience must relate to your marketing plan objectives are you trying to generate awareness of a new product, or attract business away from a competitor? Methods of marketing communications Advertising is just one element of the marketing communication arsenal, which can be divided into the following areas: Advertising – a mass media approach to promotion Outdoor Business directories Magazines / newspapers TV / cinema Radio Newsagent windows Sales promotion price / money related communications Coupons Discounts Competitions Loyalty incentives Public relations using the press to your advantage Press launches PR events Press releases Personal selling – one to one communication with a potential buyer Salesmen Experiential marketing Dealer or showroom sales activities Exhibitions Trade shows Direct marketing taking the message directly to the consumer Mail order catalogues Bulk mail Personalized letters Email Telemarketing Point of sale displays Packaging design Digital marketing – new channels are emerging constantly Company websites Social media applications such as Facebook or Twitter Blogging Mobile phone promotions using technology such as bluetooth YouTube E-commerce Integrated marketing communications Once you have decided which media channel to concentrate on, the next step is to ensure an integrated approach is taken. Regardless of whether you are promoting a new product or raising awareness, its important that all ads across all media work together towards a common goal by using similar messaging and look and feel. An integrated approach can dramatically increase the effectiveness of any campaign and will help create your brand image. Development of the advertising message Once you have determined the positioning for your brand, its time to develop the message in order to influence your target groups. Advertising objectives should be directly linked to your marketing plan, and tend to fit into the following generic categories: Inform raising awareness of your brand products, establishing a competitive advantage Persuade generating an instant response (usually driving sales) Remind to maintain interest and enthusiasm for a product or service Its a documented fact that creative, well branded, distinctive advertising generates the best results so ensure you use the best possible creative team you can get your hands on, and give them a detailed brief. Remember that a message will only be successful if it appeals to the target audience, so constantly refer back to the customer and tailor the ads to them. Almost every business in the world will deal in advertising at some point, whether it is a listing in the Yellow Pages, or a billboard in Times Square. Whatever youre planning, the strategic thinking behind all advertising is essentially the same – get to know your audience, target them efficiently and position your brand in the way that will benefit your business. Branding Strategies to Improve Image or Sales Branding gives consumers a vivid picture of what a company and its products represent. Through successful branding strategies, audiences may formulate certain expectations of a company (they make rich-looking clothes, their food is authentic, etc. ) which may ultimately turn them into buying customers. Companies should determine what they want consumers to see when they look at their advertising, and then appeal them with appropriate branding strategies. Among the most successful strategies are consistency, established credibility, and competitive pricing. Task 3 Below-the-line techniques and how they are used Every promotional campaign requires a direction and setting objectives helps to clarify what the expected outcomes will be. Objectives are specific and purposeful statements that can be measured and evaluated. One way of thinking about how to set objectives is through using the acronym SMART: Specific – objectives should be precise and clearly identifiable Measurable – by being measurable it is easy to see whether the objective has been met Achievable –the objectives set need to be achievable, neither too ambitious nor too easily met Relevant – meeting the objectives should help to achieve the overall long-term aims of the organization or campaign Time-bound – adequate time needs to be allocated to achieve the objectives. Below The Line (BTL) Promotional Techniques Following are the different types of BTL tools being used for consumer promotions: 1. DDS (Door to Door Selling) 2. Coupons 3. Rebates 4. Promotional Pricing 5. Trade-In 6. Loyalty Programs 7. Trial Generation and free Sampling 8. Free/Extra Product 9. Premiums 10. Contests and Sweepstakes 11. Demonstrations 12. Personal Appearances 13. Sponsorship Above-the-line promotion Above-the-line promotion uses mass media such as the press, radio, television, cinema or poster sites. This type of promotion is usually paid-for. Each of the possible media methods can be used to target audiences in different market segments. There are both strengths and drawbacks to these forms of media: The online and newspaper adverts linked back to the campaign website where people can register their support and add a comment. Since above-the-line promotion can reach such a huge audience, it was an ideal choice to generate a wider awareness of the plight of the public sector. Task 4 Be able to plan integrated promotional strategies Promotion Budget Percentage Method This approach is the most common for organizations. This method involves setting a budget by percentage of sales, sales goals or gross markup. The percentage used can be derived from your company’s past performance and/or industry standards. This approach is usually the best option for most organizations because the goal is tied directly to increasing revenue. This method bodes well for creating a comprehensive annual plan. Goal-and-Task Method This approach is developed by defining specific goals, determining the tasks needed to achieve these goals and then estimating the costs of performing these tasks. This method is common with long-term objectives like increasing market-share or increasing brand name top-of-mind-awareness. What’s-in-my-Wallet Method This method involves planning marketing promotions month-to-month by â€Å"what’s available† rather than by â€Å"what’s the sales goal. † This approach may hold back revenue opportunities because of the lack of planning. However, this method is common because some companies look at marketing promotion as an expense rather than as an investment. Based-on-my-Competitor Method This method is based on a strategy to invest less, the same or more than a competitor. A company using this method may be at a disadvantage because they are at the mercy of their competition’s spending patterns rather than their own goals. Co-op Only Method This planning method involves limiting a budget to just the manufacturer’s cooperative (co-op) advertising support dollars. This may cause a disadvantage because the business using the co-op is limited by the manufacturer’s creative message strategy and available co-op funds. Zero Method This method involves keeping the marketing investment as close to zero as possible. Sometimes, this method is regretted, especially when the going out of business advertising works well to move inventory. Whatever budgeting method for marketing promotions you choose for your organization, make sure to budget â€Å"time† to develop a comprehensive written plan to keep all parties involved on track. Advertising and Promotion Plan Essentially the Advertising and Promotion section of the marketing plan describes how youre going to deliver your Unique Selling Proposition to your prospective customers. While there are literally thousands of different promotion avenues available to you, what distinguishes a successful plan from an unsuccessful one is focus and thats what your Unique Selling Proposition provides. Advertising The best approach to advertising is to think of it in terms of media and which media will be most effective in reaching your target market. Then you can make decisions about how much of your annual advertising budget youre going to spend on each medium. Sales Promotion If its appropriate to your business, you may want to incorporate sales promotion activities into your advertising and promotion plan, such as: offering free samples coupons point of purchase displays product demonstrations Marketing Materials Every business will include some of these in their promotion plans. The most common marketing material is the business card, but brochures, pamphlets and service sheets are also common. Publicity Another avenue of promotion that every business should use. Describe how you plan to generate publicity. While press releases spring to mind, thats only one way to get people spreading the word about your business. Consider: product launches special events, including community involvement writing articles getting and using testimonials The most suitable criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of advertising, depends on a number variables, such as the advertising goals, the type of media used, the cost of evaluation, the value that the business or advertising agency places on evaluation measures, the level of precision and reliability required, who the evaluation is for and the budget. It is difficult to accurately measure the effectiveness of a particular advertisement, because it is affected by such things as the amount and type of prior advertising, consumer brand awareness, the availability of cost effective evaluation measures, the placement of the advertising and a range of things about the product itself, such as price and even the ability of the target audience to remember. Effectiveness may have more to do with the readiness of the viewer to consider the benefits the advertisement promotes, than the advertisement itself. It may be more cost effective to invest in finding creative ways to measure the effectiveness of an advertising campaign that is part of an advertising campaign in itself, but at the end of the day your goals are the key. It may come down to estimating how happy you are with what you are doing.

Love & basketball (compare&contrast essay) essays

Love & basketball (compare&contrast essay) essays As one can infer from the title, the movie Love s review and James Berardinellis review not only commend the movie but they also point out a few aspects of the movie that could have been better. There are two areas of the movie that Caros and Berardinellis review compare and an area both reviews contrast. Both say that the story shifts slightly towards the female perspective more than the male. Both also commend the writer/director of the movie (Gina Prince-Bythewood) for the technique she uses. They write that the technique helped balance out the time periods of the characters life, making the movie more interesting and comprehensible. However, they disagree on the characters. Mark said all the characters especially the leading characters were well chosen, while James felt one of the leading characters is not. After all, the reviewers gave Love This movie entitled Love d rather shoot baskets. When Monica was about twelve years old, her family moves into a new house in Baldwin Hills, Los Angelos. There, she introduces herself to her basketball-playing neighbor, Quincy McCall, (Glenndon Chatman). Quincy is a gorgeous person who dreams of becoming a NBA (National Basketball Association) star like is father. The first time Monica and Quincy met, they play a pickup game but when little Monica tries to...

Expressions of Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expressions of Feminism - Essay Example The ideological roots of feminist movement are found in France since it was a French noble woman who in 1610 made the earliest attempt of engaging females in conversation with men and voice their thoughts. Initial feminist thought was framed as â€Å"querelle des femmes- question of women† and education, social mobility and marriage remained key issues. (LeGates, 2012) Social progress for feminists intensified in 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment and the Age of Reason. Improvement in intellectual current encouraged the realisation that all social and cultural institutions are a product of human efforts not divine and thus, asking for changes would not affront God. Concept of women’s freedom advanced after the 1774 Revolutionary War and 1789 French Revolution. Although these were male-focused but mobilized females too and laid the groundwork for feminist struggle. (LeGates, 2012) Modern feminism seminal â€Å"Vindication of the Rights of Women† by Mary Wollstonecraft formally started the struggle for female rights in 1792. Education and freedom were key areas of concern during this time. Gradually, feminism movement spread to Asia as well generating diverse expressions of feminism. (LeGates, 2012) For western feminists’ the regressive practices of patriarchal society and subjugation of females at all forums were issues of great concern. Feminist perspectives and demands shifted according to circumstances and are labelled as feminism’s first, second and third waves. Literature, movements and propaganda remained common forms of expressing discontent throughout the three waves. First wave was raised in late 19thcentury;gaining independence from domesticity cult and obtaining legal/political rights dominated this era because women had little independence in aspects like marriage, education, property, childbirth and work. Suffrage Movement